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[Footnote 5: Viçv[=a]mitra. A few of the hymns are not ascribed to priests at all (some were made by women; some by 'royal-seers,' i.e. kings, or, at least, not priests).]
[Footnote 6: Caste, at first, means 'pure,' and signifies that there is a moral barrier between the caste and outcast. The word now practically means class, even impure class. The native word means 'color,' and the first formal distinction was national, (white) Aryan and 'black-man.' The precedent class-distinctions among the Aryans themselves became fixed in course of time, and the lines between Aryans, in some regards, were drawn almost as sharply as between Aryan and slave.]
[Footnote 7: Compare RV. iii. 33, and in I. 131. 5, the words: 'God Indra, thou didst help thy suppliants; one river after another they gained who pursued glory.')
[Footnote 8: Thomas, Rivers of the Vedas (JRAS. xv. 357 ff.; Zimmer, loc. cit. cap. 1).]
[Footnote 9: Later called the Candrabh[=a]ga. For the Jumna and Sarayu see below.]
[Footnote 10: This is the error into which falls Brunnhofer, whose theory that the Vedic Aryans were still settled near the Caspian has been criticised above (p. 15).]
[Footnote 11: Compare Geiger, Ostiranische Cultur, p. 81. See also Muir, OST. ii. p. 355.]
[Footnote 12: Lassen, I. p. 616, decided in favor of the western passes of the Hindukush.]
