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[Footnote 10: 'Did penance over,' as one doing penance remains in meditation. 'Brooded' is Müller's apt word for this abhi-tap.]
[Footnote 11: Compare Brihad [=A]ran. Up. 6. 3. 7.]
[Footnote 12: This is the karma or sams[=a]ra doctrine.]
[Footnote 13: In J.U.B. alone have we noticed the formula asserting that 'both being and not being existed in the beginning' (1.53. 1; JAOS. XVI. 130).]
[Footnote 14: Opposed is 3. 19. 1 and T[=ajitt. Up. 2. 7. 1 (Br. II. 2. 9. 1, 10): "Not-being was here in the beginning. From it arose being." And so Çat. Br. VI. 1. 1. 1 (though in word only, for here not-being is the seven spirits of God!)]
[Footnote 15: As the Vedic notion of not-being existing before being is refuted, so the Atharvan homage to Time as Lord is also derided (Cvet. 6) in the Upanishads. The supreme being is above time, as he is without parts (ib.). In this later Upanishad wisdom, penance, and the grace of God are requisite to know brahma.]
[Footnote 16: This Vedic [Greek: Adgos] doctrine is conspicuous in the Br[=a]hmana. Compare Çat. Br. VII. 5. 2. 21: "V[=a]c ([Greek: Adgos]) is the Unborn one; from V[=a]c the all-maker made creatures." See Weber, Ind. Stud. IX. 477 ff.]
[Footnote 17: Compare J.U.B. i. 56. 1, 'Water (alone) existed in the beginning.' This is the oldest and latest Hindu explanation of the matter of the physical universe. From the time of the Vedas to mediaeval times, as is recorded by the Greek travellers, water is regarded as the original element.]