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TATTVASANGRAHA: CHAPTER XXII.
There is nothing else that is admitted'- in the shape of the Soul'.
Thus this turns out to be the assertion of the view of the Lokayata (Materialist). His aphorisms read as follows:-"There being nothing that could belong to the other world, there can be no other world ;-there are four material substances, Earth, Water, Fire and Air; and from these proceeds Consciousness".
Some commentators upon these aphorisms offer the explanation that Consciousness is produced out of the material substances; others explain that it becomes manifested by them. Hence the author has mentioned both these views- produced or manifested'.
* Shulta'-is fermented acid. Sura '-is intoxicating liquor.
And such things'-is meant to include things having the effect of making people unconscious and so forth.-(1858-1859)
An objection is raised-As a matter of fact, Consciousness (or Cognition) is always produced on the basis of such causes as the Eye and other Senseorgans, and Objects, in the shape of Colour (Forms);this fact is too well known. How then is it said that Cognition proceeds from those material substances ?'
The (Materialist's) answer to that is as follows:
TEXT (1860).
** THE NAMES 'BODY', SENSE-ORGAN' AND SO ON ARE APPLIED TO PARTICULAR COMBINATIONS OF EARTH AND OTHER MATERIAL SUBSTANCES; THERE IS NO OTHER REALITY THAN
THESE."-(1860)
COMMENTARY.
Says the Lokāyata-Sätra—“It is to the combination of these that the names Object' and 'Sense-organ' are applied ;-the Sense-organ, etc. have no existence apart from the Great Material Substances the idea of those appear only in regard to the combinations of these; -and combination has no existence apart from the combining elements ;-these four Material Substances are well known by direct Perception.-Apart from these, there is no other Reality, equally well known by direct Perception and apart from Perception, there is no other Means of Cognition, which could prove the existence of the other world' and such things" (1860)