Tattva Sangraha Vol 1

SR No.: 007608
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Kamlashila, Ganganatha Jha
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra
Publication Year: 1937
Total Pages: 753
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 42 MB

Page 398

EXAMINATION OF SĀMĀNYA', THE UNIVERSAL.
403
forms the basis of only a comprehensive notion in regard to all its three substrata-Substance, Quality and Action ; for this same reason it is not a * Particular' at all.
The Lower kind of Universal' is in the form of 'Substance, Action and so forth; this kind is called 'Universal' (Genus, Class) in so far as it is the basis of the comprehensive notion of its substrata, in the shape of Substances, etc. --and though being Universal', it is also called Particular, in so far as it serves as the basis of the exclusive notion of its substratum as distinguished from things belonging to other Universals' For instance, in regard to Quality, there arise such exclusive notions as it is not-Sub. stance', 'it has no qualities and so forth; and the cause (basis) of these must consist in such Universals as 'Substance' and 'Quality', -not in anything else; because there are no such things as 'not-Substance and so forth. There is no incongruity in the same thing being both 'universal and particular', when it is taken relatively to other things. This is what the Text means.- (709-711)
The Author states the definition of Ultimate Individuality', as provided by the other party :
TEXT (712).
"THERE ARE SOME PARTICULARS' WHICH SERVE AS THE BASIS OF
EXCLUSION' ONLY; THEŞE HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED AS ULTIMATE INDIVIDUALITIES SUBSISTING IN
WTERNAL SUBSTANCES."-(712)
COMMENTARY.
There are some 'Particulars which are held to be 'Particulars' only, not Universala; because they serve as the basis of exclusion-ie. of exclugive notion-only,
"Which are theso ?”
Answer ' These have been defined, etc. etc.; it has been declared (in the Vaishēzika-Sutra) that-" Ultimate Individualities subsisting in eternal Substances are the ultimate (differentias),-'Subsisting in eternal Substances, i.e. subsisting in Atoms, Aküsha, Time, Space, Soul and Mind. As Atoms are the two ends-beginning and end of the Universe, and liberated Souls and liberated Minds continue to exist till the end of the Birth rebirth-Cycle, and hence forming one end,--the Specifio Individualitios subsisting in them las ve been called ultimate; specially as it is only in these that the said Individualities are more clearly perceived. Their Sub. sistence too is always in the eternal Substance, like the Atom. This is the reason why they have been doscribed both as 'ultimate and as subsisting in eternal Substances '.-These are called Vishëşa', 'Specifc Individualities, because they serve as the basis of the absolute exclusion of the eternal Substances from one another, and hence serve to specify', 'distinguish', their substratum from everything else.-(712)