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47. What is meant by (origination of mode' (Utpata)?
Occurrence of the new mode of a substance is called 'origination of the mode'.
48. What is meant by 'cessation of mode' (Vyaya)?
The disappearance of a previous mode in a substance is called the 'cessation of mode'.
49. What is meant by 'permanence' (Dhrauvya) in a reality?
Any condition of a substance recognized as permanent is called 'permanence in reality.
Chapter # 1.3 The attributes.
50. What are the specific attributes (Vishesh guna) in a substance?
The following attributes are the specific attributes in a substance:
• Soul - Consciousness (Chetna), righteousness (Samyaktva),
conduct (Charitra), or dynamic nature (Kriyavati Shakti). • Matter - Touch, taste, smell, sight, dynamic nature. • Medium of motion - to help other substances to move. • Medium of rest - to help moving substances to stop. • Space - to give accommodation. • Time - an essential instrument in a change
51. How many different types of 'space' (Akash) are there?
Space is one whole unit of a substance.
52. Where is the space?
The space is omnipresent. It is everywhere.
