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MAN AGAINST NATURE
distinguished as the scveral aspects of this single antagonist to the jīva.
3. Dharma: the medium through which movement is possible. Dharma is compared to water, through and by which fish are able to move.85
4. Adharma: the medium that makes rest and immobility possible. Adharma is compared to carth, on which creatures lie and stand.
5. Kāla: time; that which makes changes possible.
6. Pudgala: matter, composed of minute atoms (paramāņu). Pudgala is endued with odor, color, taste, and tangibility.
Matter cxists, according to the Jainas, in six degrees of density: a) “subtle-subtle” (sūkṣma-sūkşma), which is the invisible substance of the atoms; b) "subtle" (sūkşma), invisible also, and the substance of the ingredients of karma; c) "subtle-gross” (sūksma-sthila), invisible and yet experienced, constituting the material of sounds, smells, touch (e.g., of the wind), and flavors; d) "gross-subtle" (sthūla-sūksma), which is visible yet impossible to grasp-e.g., sunshine, darkness, shadow; c) "gross” (stlūla), which is both visible and tangible but liquid, as water, oil, and melted butter; and f) "gross-gross" (sthūla-sthūla): the material objects that have distinct and separate existences, such as metal, wood, and stone.
Karmic matter clings to the jiva, as dust to a body anointed with oil. Or it pervades and tinges the jiva, as heat a red-hot iron ball. It is described as of eight kinds, according to its effects. a) The karma that enwraps or screens true knowledge (jñānaāvaraņa-karma). Like a veil or cloth over the image of a divinity, this karma comes between the mind and the truth, taking away, as it were, inborn omniscience. b) The karma that enwraps or screens true perception (darśana-āvaraņa-karma). Like a doorkeeper warding people from the presence of the king in his
05 This specifically Jaina use of the term dharma is, of course, not to be confused with that discussed supra, pp. 151-177.
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| SR No. | 007309 |
| Book Title | Philosophies of India |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | Heinrich Zimmer, Joseph Campbell |
| Publisher | Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd |
| Publication Year | 1953 |
| Total Pages | 709 |
| Language | English |
| Classification | Book_English |
| File Size | 34 MB |