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EXAMINATION OF SHANKAR,
Existence is
relation and particular combination of the four-fold elements viz, constituent substance, locality, period and mode (a a17H1a) as contradic.
tory itself. belonging to the other, say, the picture, the jar is not (aifea) and is of the nature of nonbeing (Faqan). Thus the picture is the negation of the jar and vice-verså the jar is the negation of the picture. Every thing is in relation only to the four fold elements of itself but is not in relation only to the four-fold elements belonging to the other. If it were otherwise, were everything said to exist in either relations of itself as well as of the other, then every thought and being, making up this our universe, would have been transformed into one uniform homogeneous whole; then light and darkness, knowledge and ne-science, being and non-being, unity and plurality, eternity and non-eternity, knowledge and the means thereof, all that go in pairs of opposites, and the like must needs be one homogeneous mass, so to speak, of one uniform nature and character without any difference and distinction between one and the other or between the parts of one and the same thing. But such homogeneity
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