________________
The means of Knowledge as admitted
schools of Indian thou ght.
EPISTEMOLOGY AND LOGİC. And while the Buddhists and the Vaisheshikas admit of only two Pramånas viz. f Perception and Inference (ma and Th1a), by other the Sankhya School acknowledges three indian thoui. e. Testimony (Tm ) in addition to the previous two. The School of the Nyaya Philosophy adds Analogy ( STATA ) to the above three and thus admits of four only. The Prabhákar School accepts Implication (Fig) as an additional means and thus agrees to five Pramanas. The two Mimånsakas, Purva and Uttara (qod and 3777) grant six, adding Non-existence (412); and finally, the Pouránikas taking Tradition (fay) and Probability ( a) into consideration, acknowledge that the sources of knowledge are after all eight in number.
The scholiasts have, however, defined these means of knowledge variously. But they all agree substantially to the following : (1) Sense-perception (ga)-Know
Sen s e-perledge derived directly from the peripheral ception. contact of the sense-organs with their corres ponding objects.
53
