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Jaina Community - A Social Survey
and for the shedding of Karmic matter, whatever hardships are undergone, are called the Parishahas or sufferings. They are :
( i ) Kshut, i. e., Hunger, (ii) Pipāsā i. e., Thirst, (iii) Šīta, i. e, Cold, (iv) Ushna i. e., Heat, (v) Damsamasaka, i. e., Insect bite. (vi) Nāgnya, i. e., Nakedness, (vii) Arati, i. e., Ennui or disaggreable surroundings, (viii) Stri, i, e., Sex-passion, ( ix ) Charyā, i. e., Walking too much, ( x ) Nishadyā, i. e., Continuous sitting in one posture, ( xi ) sayyā, i. e., Resting on hard earth, (xii) Akroša i. e., Abuse, (xiii) Vadha, i. e., Beating, (xiv) Yāchanā, i. e., Begging, ( xv ) Alabha, i. e., Disappointment from getting no
food, - (xvi) Roga, i. e., Disease,
(xvii) Trnasparśa, i. e., Thorn-pricks, (xviii) Mala, i. e., Bodily dirt and impurities, . (xix) Satkārapuraskāra, i. e., Disrespect shown by
men, 1 (xx) Prajna, i. e., Non-appreciation of learning, ( xxi) Ajñāna, i. e., Persistence of ignorance, (xxii) Adarsana, i. e., Slack-belief, for example on
failure to attain supernatural powers even after great piety and austerities to begin to doubt
the truth of Jainism and its teachings. These should be ever endured without any feeling of vexation, by one who desires to get rid of all cause for pain.37
(f) The five Chāritras : The five kinds of right conduct are :
(i) Sāmāyika, i. e., Equanimity, (ii) Chhedopasthā panā, i. e., Recovery of equanimity
after a fall from it, . (iii) Parihāra-Visuddhi, i. e. Pure and, absolute non
injury,
