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124 New Dimensions in Jaina Logic
2. Rectification of thesis (pratijna visuddhi) 3. Probans 4. Rejection of probans 5. Example 6. Rectification of example 7. Applicaties 8. Rectificat of pplication 9. Conclusio 10. Rectification of unclusion
Ten Limbs1. Thesis 2. Exposition of thesis (pratijna vibhakti) 3. Probans 4. Exposition of probans 5. Heterologue (vipaksa) 6. Negation (pratisedha) 7. Example 8. Doubt (aśanka) 9. Negation of doubt (tatpratişedha) 10. Conclusion
Siddhasena has discussed only three limbs, viz. subject (pakşa), probans (hetu) and example. Generally all the logicians mention thesis (pratijna) and probans for subjective inference (svārthānumāna) and for syllogistic inference (pararthanumāna), they add the following for enlightening the dullard: example, application (upanaya), and conclusion (nigamana). Vādidevasūri has supported the use of a single limb, viz. probans, like the Buddhists.
To define briefly, the thesis means the mention of the proban-. dum that is to be proved, for instance, 'the mountain is fiery'.
Probans stands for the mention of the reason for proving the probandum, for instance, 'because it is smoky'.
Example means an instance similar in nature to the subject of inference, such as a place which is possessed of the probandum, for instance, 'where there is smoke there is fire, for example, a kitchen'.
Application (upanaya or upasamhāra) means the demonstration of existence of the probans in the subject, for instance, 'the mountain is smoky'.
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