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dvandvadilemmas or just direct statements that fully reflect his wisdom and power of conviction. The style of phrasing in Vardhamana's utterances is as distinctive as is singular in that it is unparalleled in the entire Nirgrantha canonical corpus, unknown alike in the Buddhist Pali canon. That Arhat Vardhamana was totally opposed to all types of violence, unexceptionally indeed toward all kinds of life forms-macro as well as micro-is very clear in the very first chapter of the Acaranga Book I, where he unequivocally and, in serially arranged identical sutra passages, states that the destruction of living beings*— in three ways, namely by doing (samārabhati ), by getting it done through others (annehim samārabhāvati), or lending consent to it (samārabhamāne samanujānati) is detrimental (tam se ahitäë) just as it consequences in nescience (tam se abodhie ) 7.
Vardhamana's consideration of, and compassion toward, all beings and respect for their basic instinct to be in comfort and to have dislike for pain / misery, their shunning (the thought of) being killed and desire to liveremain alive-is reflected in the undernoted statements :
सव्वे पाणा पियातगा सुखसाता दुक्खपडिकूला अप्पिय वधा पिय जीविनो जीवित कामा । सव्वेसिं जीवितं पयं । - आचारांग १.३.७८
"All beings are fond of life; (they) love pleasure, shun pain, dislike being killed, love life (and) desire to live. To all (beings) life is dear. "
Now, this observation becomes further meaningful by the undernoted statements, the second negating the first :
आवंती के आवंती लोगांसि समणा च माहणा च पुढो विवादं वदंति से दिट्टं च ने सुतं च ने विन्नायं च ने उड्डुं अहं तिरिय दिसासु सव्वतो सुपडिलेहितं च ने- 'सव्वे पामा सव्वे जीवा सव्वे भूता सव्वे सत्ता हंतव्वा अज्जावेतव्वा परिधेत्तव्वा परितावेतव्वा उद्दवेतव्वा । एत्थ वि जानह नत्थोत्थ दोसो' । अनारियवचनमेयं ।
तत्थ जे ते आरिया ते एवं वदासी - से दुहिद्वं च मे दुस्सुयं च मे दुम्मयं च मे दुव्विन्नायं च उड्डुं अहं तिरियं दिसासु सव्वतो दुप्पडिलेहितं च मे जं नं तुब्भे एवं आचक्खह एवं भासह एवं पत्रवेह एवं परुवेह - 'सव्वे पाणा सव्वे भूता सव्वे जीवा सव्वे सत्ता हंतव्वा अज्जावेतव्या परिधेतव्वा परितावेतव्वा उद्वेतव्वा । एत्थ वि जानत नत्थेत्थ दोसो ।' अनारियपवनमेयं ।
वचं पुन एव माचिक्खामो एवं भासामो एवं पत्रपेमो एं परुवेमो- 'सव्वे पाणा सव्वे भूता सव्वे जीवा न हंतव्वा न अजावेतव्या न परिधेत्तव्वा न परियावेतव्वा न उद्दवेतव्वा । एत्थ वि जानत नत्थेत्थ दोसो | आरियवचनयं । - आचारांग १.४-१३६-१३८
"Many and several in this world, Śramaņas or Brāhmaṇas, enter into this discussion: 'We have seen, heard, acknowledged, thoroughly understood in the upper, nether, and sidelong directions, and in all ways exam -
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| SR No. | 007005 |
| Book Title | World of Philosophy |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | Christopher Key Chapple, Intaj Malek, Dilip Charan, Sunanda Shastri, Prashant Dave |
| Publisher | Shanti Prakashan |
| Publication Year | 2011 |
| Total Pages | 1002 |
| Language | English |
| Classification | Book_English |
| File Size | 30 MB |