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72
Amrita
(372), broppinu, broppi (391) bruvaha (391) grnheppiņu vratu (394), priya (401), prayāvadī (404), prāu, prāiva, prāimva (414) dhruvu (418) drammu, dravakkau, drehi (422) trnai (422) pemmadrahi (424) grņheppiņu, dhrum, priu (438) antradi (445). In these very stanzas we find, side by side, forms like mahaddumu (336) mianku (401) bhaṁtadi (414) and pemma (preman) (424) which show that the normal assimilation and the vocalisation of r were current in the same dialect. Another fact which emerges by the scanning of these stanzas is that, as far as the metre allows us to determine, nowhere do these cases of groups make the preceding syllable long by position. The two apparent exceptions, antradi scanned as -U- and tudhra with the metrical scheme u-u are due to the anusvāra in the first and the double plosive in the second, which should be better written as tuddhra.
In his introduction to the Bhavisattakaha, Jacobi was misled by the supposition that groups of consonant+r were characteristic of the vrācada Apabhramśa and all these verses should be, therefore, regarded as being written in this dialect. This led him to enquire whether the language dealt with by Hemacandra is hemogeneous or contains traces of different dialects and he came to the conclusion that besides this vrācada, there are traces of two more dialects, one which may be called the Sauraseni Apabhramsa and the other showing softening of all intervocalic stops'. Later on in his introduction to the Sanaṁkumāracariu, he had to give up the fact, attributed to Kramadīśvara, that groups of consonant+r are characteristic of vrācada, but groups of r+consonant were meant by him as such. Naturally Jacobi 10 now considered that these verses which contain groups of consonant+r and the stanzas of Rudrata mark an older stage of Apabhramsa, which thus differs from the normal Apabhramśa of the other verses of 'Hemacandra's grammar. Dr. Upadhyell also thinks that features of the so-called Sauraseni basis and the retention of groups of r suggest dialectal differences in the Apabhramsa of Hemacandra. He differs from Jacobi in holding that the relation between the dialect showing such unassimilated groups and the normal one which assimilates them, is not chronological, the one being older than the other, but dialectal, the two coming from two different regions.
The idea of either a chronological or a dialectal difference based upon the treatment of groups of r was supported by most of the Apabhramsa literary works so far published. All of them uniformly followed the rule of assimilation and thus agreed with the practice of the majority of the verses quoted by Hemacandra, which left the few stanzas with the unassimilated