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INTRODUCING JAINISM
iv) Pañca samitis (five rules of conduct)
The tri-ratnas are related to the five rules of conduct (pañca-samitis). These are
1. Tryā-samiti, i.e., care in walking, 2. bhāsā-samiti, i.e. care in speaking, 3. esaņā-samiti, i.e., care in accepting alms, 4. ādāna-niksepa-samiti, i.e., care in taking up and
setting down, 5. utsarga-samiti, i.e., care in excreting.
v) Daśa yatidharma
The Jain sādhus and sādhvis should adhere to ten yatidharmas. And these are
1) ksamā (forbearance); 2). mārdava (humility); 3) ārjava (uprightness); 4) nirlobhatā (absence of greediness); 5) akiñcanatā (poverty); 6) satya (truthfulness); 7) samyama (self-discipline); 8) tapasyā (self-mortification); 9) sauca (desirelessness); 10) brahmacarya (celibacy).
Along with this tenfold ascetic religion, the laymen also follow some four regular dharmas which are
1) dana (almsgiving); 2) sila (virtue) 3) tapas (ascetic practices) or according to some
upavāsa (fasting) 4) bhāvanā (spiritual attitude) or pūjā (worship)
vi) Dvādaśa Bhāvanā
After that, the Jain sādhus and sādhvis must adhere to the twelve spiritual attitudes (dvādaśa-bhāvanā). These are
1) anitya (on impermanence); 2) āśaraña (on helplessness); 3) samsāra (on the cycle of transmigration);
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