Tattvartha Sutra

SR No.: 006796
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Sukhlal Sanghavi, K K Dixit
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Publication Year: 2000
Total Pages: 596
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Tattvartha Sutra, & Tattvarth
File Size: 10 MB

Page 40

INTRODUCTION
In the gāthā 6 of the adhyayana 28 of Uttarādhyayana the definition of guna is to the effect egadavvassiā guņā= ekadravyāśritā guņāḥ (=guņās are those which stand supported in one dravya). On the other hand, Kaņāda's definition of guna is particularly elaborate; thus it says :
"dravyāśrayy aguņavān samyogavibhāgesvakāraṇam anapeksa iti gunalakṣaṇam”-1. 1. 6 (=guna is that which stands supported in a dravya, is devoid of guņa, is not an independent cause of samyogavibhāga). Now within the body of Lmāsvāti's definition of guna there occurs besides the Uttarādhyayana definition of guna also the element nirguna which is a feature of Kaņāda's definition of guņa; thus he says : "dravyāśrayā nirguņā guņāḥ"25.40 (=gunas are those which stand supported in a dravya and are devoid of guna).
In the gāthā 10 of the adhyayana 28 of Uttarādhyayana the definition of kāla is merely to the effect “vattanālakkhanokālo"=vartanālakṣaṇaḥ kālaḥ (=kāla is that which is of the nature of perduration). As for Kanāda's definition of kāla it does not contain the word 'vartana' but it does contain the word 'apara' among others; thus it says : "aparasmin param yugapacciraḥ kṣipram iti kālalingāni”—2. 2. 6. Now in Umāsvāti's definition of kāla paratva' and 'aparatva' are two among the words that occur there besides the word vartanā'; thus he says : “vartanā kriyā paratvāparatve ca kālasya”—5.22.
The above-quoted three aphorisms of Tattvārtha laying down the definition of dravya, guna and kāla do not receive from an ancient Śvetāmbara Āgamic text—that is, from an Anga-as much verbal support as they do from Uttarādhyayana. However, with the Prākst utterances of Kundakunda—supposed to have flourished in the 1st-2nd centuries A. V.-the Sanskrit aphorisms of Umāsvāti bear at times complete similarity, at time very little. For example, the Svetāmbara reading of the aphorisms contains just two aphorisms devoted to a definition of dravya viz. "utpāda vyayadhrauvyayukta-ṁsat”—5. 29. “gunaparyāyavad dravyam”-5. 37. but the Digambara reading of aphorisms