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A Treatise on Jainism (1) Wrong-Belief. It is of 5 kinds :(a) Ekanta. Taking only one aspect of a
many-sided thing. (b) Viparita. Perverse belief, e.g. animal
sacrifices lead to heaven. Injury to
anyone cannot be a cause of merit. (c) Samshaya-Doubt, scepticism, hesita
tion, e.g. as to Path of Liberation. (d) Vinaya, Veneration. Taking all reli
gions and Gods, even the so-called religions which enjoin cruel or immoral practices, to be equally worthy
of pursuit. (e) Ajnana. Wrong belief caused by
ignorance. Indiscrimination of good and bad. Wrong belief is caused by Nisarga, inborn error; or by Adhi
gama, preaching of another. (2) Vowlessness. Avirata, Vowlessness, Non
renunciation is of 12 kinds :- Lack of compassion for 6 classes of embodied souls; and lack of restraint of 5 senses
and 1 mind. (3) Carelessness, Pramada, Carelessness is of
15 kinds :
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