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Indian Ethnicity and Religious Heritage
First three of these are with reference to the identification of the main substance called Dravya while the rest identity the modes of the main substance called Paryaya.
(1) Naigama is the end-product. When we describe
an event by the result we want to achieve even though we have only started the work to that end, we assert Naigama Naya. Here the general purpose for which we work controls the total series of our activities. It is also Naigama when we lay strees on any one of the most special qualities and ignore the other ones. The fallacy created by Naigama Naya is called Naigamabhasa. According to Jains, the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools suffer from this fallacy.
(2)
Sangraha Naya puts emphasis on some general and class characteristics ignoring others, thus not giving the idea of the whole. This is called Sangrahabhasa form which according to Jain Vedantsts are suffering.
(3)
Rujusutra Naya ignores specific qualities of
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