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692
THE KEY OF KNOWLEDGE.
the jara, that is unconscious, or the Jiva and the A jiva, as they are called in the philosophy of Jainism.
We must also make due allowance for their interplay. This necessitates a common ground for action, as well as the determination of the causes which bring about and render that interplay possible. We thus get Space, Time, the continuous ether, i.e., the medium of motion, and an opposite kind of ether as the medium of rest. Of these, Time is the principle of continuity and is recognized as a separate substance in the Jaina philosophy.
The medium of motion and that of rest are called Dharma and Adharma respectively; and matter is known as Pudgala. This completes our list of the substances necessary for the world-process which may be enumerated in the following tabulated form:
SUBSTANCE
Ajiva
Tiva
siva Jiva Space Time Dharma Adhármia Matter (Pudgala) Jainism posits these six substances as eternal," and
* It is impossible to accept the theologian's dictum that everything that exists must have a maker, so that nothing can be self subsisting. For if that were so, that maker would himself stand in need of a maker of his being, and that one of still another, and so forth. But this is too absurd to be acceptable to theology itself, according to which there is a self-subsisting maker who is the author of everything else. Here also theology has no leg to stand upon, for if it is possible for one being or thing to be self-subsisting and eternal, it is also possible for more things and beings to be ancreate. Hence, the real issue again is what is more rational,
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