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by the whole of the cause, but to parts of the cause parts of the effect will in no wise correspond. In other words, neither mechanism nor finalism will here be in place, and we must resort to an explanation of a different kind. Now, in the hypothesis we propose, the relation of vision to the visual apparatus would be very nearly that of the band to the iron filings that follow, canalize and limit its motion. According as the undivided act constituting vision advances more or less, the materiality of the organ is made of a more or less considerable number of mutually co-ordinated elements, but the order is necessarily complete and perfect. It could not be partial, because, once again, the real process which gives rise to it has no parts. That is what neither mechanism nor finalism takes into account, and it is what we also fail to consider when we wonder at the marvellous structure of an instrument, such as the eye. In reality, the cause, though more or less intense, cannot produce its effect except in one piece, and completely finished. According as it goes further and further in the direction of vision, it gives the simple pigmentary masses of a lower organism, or the rudimentary eye of a Serpula, or the slightly differentiated eye of the Alciope, or the marvellously perfected eye of the bird; but all these organs, unequal as is their complexity, necessarily present an equal co-ordination. For this reason, no matter how distant two animal species may be from each other, if the progress toward vision has gone equally far in both, there is the same visual organ in each case, for the form of the organ only expresses the degree in which the exercise of the function has been obtained."
THE KEY OF KNOWLEDGE.
"
"If Vision," objects Mr. Elliot, the author of 'Modern Science and The Illusions of Prof. Bergson,'" is a a single elementary 'life tendency' which makes a certain kind of eye wherever it goes, there must either be two kinds of Visions and two separate 'life-tendencies': or else the Pearly Nautilus will have to fall back on Darwinian principles for the evolution of his eye, and if Pearly Nautilus can grow an eye on materialist lines, why not Pecten ?" But if Mr. Elliot had taken the trouble to find out the secret of vision in dreaming, when the
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