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Transit of the sun to the Zodiacal constellations
1. Aries and Taurus
2. Gemini and Cancer
3. Leo and Virgo
4. Libra and Scorpio
5. Sagittarius and Capricornus
6. Aquarius and Pisces
Seasons
Summer
First half of monsoon
Later half of monsoon
Jain Education International
Autumn
Winter
Spring
Bhagavat 7:3:62
5. Bha. Vr. 7.62-prāvṛt śrāvaṇādirvarṣārātro'śvayujādiḥ.
6. Jambu. 7.126-sävaṇāiyā māsā.
Months
Vaisakha & Jyestha (May & June)
Abhayadevasūri has identified the month of Śravana (July) as the first month of the pravṛt and Asvina as the first month of the varsa. According to the Jambuddivapannati, the order of the lunar months begins with Sravana. In this connection see note on Thanam 6.95.
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Aṣāḍha & Śrāvana (July & August)
In ancient Jain astronomy, only three seasons had been recognized. Lord Mahavira was born on the thirteenth day of the bright fortnight of Caitra, the first month of the summer season (starting from Caitra up to Aṣāḍha). Lord RṚṣabha attained omniscience on the eleventh day of the bright fortnight of the Phalguna, the fourth month of the winter season. In the Sarapannati also, there are mention of three seasons, each consisting of four months."
Prāvṛṇ and varṣā-there are rainfall in the period between the Aṣadha and Ásvina (July and October). So the vegetation-bodied beings appropriate more water as nourishment. Thus in these two seasons, the vegetation-bodied beings appropriate maximum quantity of nourishment. In other seasons, gradually the quantity of water available becomes less, so the quantity of nourishment appropriated becomes less and less.
Bhadrapada & Alvina (September & October) Kartika & Margasișa (November & December)
Pausa & Magha (January& February)
Phalguna & Caitra (March & April)
1. Thānam, 6.95 (the meaning of varṣārātra is varṣā ṛtu, i.e., rainy season).
2. Sūra. 12.14.
3. Jambu. 7.126-päusǎiyā uū.
4. Sangadhara Samhita, Pürva Khamda, Bheṣajjhäkhyānaka Prakarana, sloka 35,36
ṛtustkam tadakhyātam raveḥ räsisu samkramāt
grismo mesavsau proktau prävṛṇimithunakarkayoḥ simhakanye smṛtā varṣātulāvṛśicakayoḥ śarad |
dharurgrahau ca hemanto vasantaḥ kumbhamīnayoḥ ||
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