Agam 05 Ang 05 Bhagvati Vyakhya Prajnapti Sutra Part 02 Bhagvai Terapanth

SR No.: 006599
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Tulsi Acharya, Mahapragna Acharya, Mahendramuni, Nathmal Tatia
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Publication Year: 2009
Total Pages: 740
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Agam, Canon, & agam_bhagwati
File Size: 20 MB

Page 244

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Bhagavai 5:4:64
Paņava - drum of the bhāndas (bhānda means a musical instrument according to Apte), small drum (a tabor or a taboret)."'Like mrdanga, panava (a tabor) is also a very ancient Indian musical instrument fastened by calf-skin on the head. Maharshi Bharata, in his Nātya-śāstra, has assigned a very important place to panava, after mrdanga, among such instruments. About the shape and size of panava, he has said, "It is sixteen angulas in length, concave in the middle, eight angulas in width, and at both the ends five ungulas in diameter. Its wood is '/angustha in thickness, and the diameter of the hollow inside is 4 angulas. Both the ends of the panava are fastened with soft calf-skin, tightened by thread, which is kept somewhat loose.”7 Pataha -- drum.! Bhambhā ----dhakkā'i.e., double drum or jayadhakkā20 (i.e., a double drum which is sounded on gaining victory in the battle). Horambha --a large double drum.2) Bheri --- nagadā, darkā-kettle-drum.22
Nagādā is made of a cup like bowl, made of earth or wood; it is struck with two pieces of sharp wood. It is also called nakārā. 23 According to one opinion, nagādā was a musical instrument used in mediaeval period, which was round in shape and was made of two weak iron cups of the same size, covered with the hide of goat or buffalo.24 Jhallari-Cymbals 25_-It is a folk-music instrument. It is concave-circular in middle. Two big size concave circular metal picces produce sound when they are clashed. It is called jhālurä in South India, which is like manjirā made of bronze and brass or any other beil metal. There is a hole in the centre, through which a thread or a string is passed, for holding the plates. It is played by the support of both hands.26 According to another opinion, metal circular pieces of 8 to 16 angulas in diameter are called jhāñjha. Any desirable tone can be produced by clashing the plates held in hands tightened by the threads. A small cymbal (or jhāñjha) is called mañjirā (or cymbalet). Mostly these instruments are used in hymnal prayers of gods/goddesses.27 Dundubhi — a large kettle-drum.2% The words from tata ...... up to śușira
There are four types of musical instruments: Tata ---stringed instruments such as vīnā and the like. Vitata - non-stringed instruments such as drum and the like. Ghana - bronze intruments such as cymbals and the like. Sușira - wind instruments such as flute and thelike.
The terms tata and vitata are differently explained in Tattvārtharājvārtika and Tattvārthabhāsya. 30 For a detailed consideration of the tones produced by the four kinds of musical instruments, see Thānum 2/112-119, 4/632, notes.
1. Namdi, sü. 54, gã. 4
puttham suņei saddam rūvam puna pāsai aputtham tu! gamdham rasam ca phāsam ca, baddhaputtham viyāgare il