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have been regarded as degraded people by the vedic authorities. Viewed in this light, it becomes clear as to why Manu designates peoples like Licchavis and Mallas as vrátyas."
As we have seen earlier, the khattiyas constituted the ruling class of the region which they occupied their rajanya character is obvious. Since the Śramaņa tradition originated and developed in the socio-cultural milleu dominated by the khattiyas the rājanya or kshatriya bias of the Śramana tradition, particularly of Jainism, is rendered intelligible.
aj nNoo
Pargiter, F. E., The Ancient Indian Historical Tradition p. 5. 2. ibid p. 6.
Pargiter, F. E., Ancient Indian Historical Tradition p. 288. ibid p. 296. ibid p. 296. Sharma G. R. Bhârtiya Sanskriti ke Purãtãtvika Ādhāra. Pancha vissa Brāhmaṇa. 17.1.2-7 har ariel, 7 of 7 aifupi
J. R. A. S, 1913 Vol. VI-II, p. 155. 9. Dandekar, R. N. Vedic Mythological Tract p. 209-10. 10. ibid p. 210 (R. N. Dandekar) 11. Banerjee A. C. "Studies in the Brāhmaņas" p. 126. 12. ibid. p. 126. 13. ibid. p. 129. 14. ibid p. 126-27 15. S. B. E. Vol. XXII, Jain Sūtras Vol. I. p. 225-27; Kalpasūtra 1.17-22 16. The region stretching from Anga-magadha in the east, Kośãmbi in
the south, Sthūņa in the west and Kuņāla in the north has been said to be Arya-kshetra in the Jain texts- Brihadkalpasūtra-1.50; In the Gilgit Manuscript of the Vinaya Pitaka Magadha people have been called wiser than people of other regions- Indian Historical Quarterly,
1938, p. 416. 17. Mishra, S. N. - Prãchina Bhārata men Grãma evam Grāmya
Sankritiyan, p. 165. 18. ibid p. 165. 19. Manusmriti-X. 20, 21, 22, 23; II. 39, 40
