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spectrum. However, if the spectrum is examined carefully, hundreds of dark lines could be made out crossing the colour bands in various positions. The dark lines always appeared in the same position amongst the other coloured lines. The real significance of these lines was discovered much later by Kirchoff. He realized that in a spectrum each line is actually a kind of 'signature' produced by a particular chemical element. The knowledge of atomic theory has established that each element or kind of atom can emit and absorb energy only at the specific wave-length determined by its atomic structure. That is, each element produces its unique set of lines in a particular place in the overall spectrum. Thus every element can reveal its identity by its spectral line signature written by the ink of its own unique colour or the fingerprint of its individual personality.
This knowledge gave birth to the science of spectroscopy and placed in the hands of astronomers the most powerful tool since the invention of the telescope. It enables them to probe any pry into the macrocosm and see millions of distant stars and galaxies which are thousands of light-year away. On their findings are based all the modern theories about the universe. The spectroscope has been used to analyse the composition of the sun and so far about 70 out of.92 natural elements have been identified. By splitting light from distant stars and galaxies into a spectrum of different wavelenghts, the spectroscope enables scientists to work out not only the chemical composition of a distant star, but also temperature of its surface, speed of its rotation, the strength of its magnetic field and its movement relative to the earth. Today spectroscopy can look into the hearts of some of the most remote phenomena in the universe and provide astronomer with the basic data may one day unlock the innermost secrets of the cosmos.
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