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gressing it if he used these to injure or so that injury came to the person or animal. Any line of conduct which results in killing.
These twelve vows of which this first is one, are all based on dayā (love, kindness, thoughtlulness for others), the same as were the thirty-five rules of ordinary dharma. These twelve vows are the special dharma as distinguished from the ordinary dharma.
Fruits. It is the opinion of the Jain philosophy that the result of the observance of this vrata (vow) are good health, strong body, strong constitution, etc. in the future or next following life. No separation from friends, relations, or parents. There would be happiness, the legitimate pleasures of lite, comforts, long life ; he will have a good name, handsome features, and a youth-time that would be enjoyable. The results of killing would be the opposite of these things, such as lameness, some incurable disease, seperation from friends, and relations, sorrow, short life, misery, and after that an incarnation in the low state (naraka).
It is the Jain idea that kings, emperors, rulers, queens, etc., go to the naraka state after this life, as a general rule, of course there may be exceptions, The reason is that during their life they ignore the rights of others to such an extent.
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