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pamuccati)58. Ņivvāna and its equivalents thus primarily stand for emancipation from suffering, and not for any positive condition of unimpeded bliss as the later thinkers try to interpret them.
(v) Sardhi: The word appears as standing for the 'juncture' of birth and death, and is perhaps the precursor of the concept of pratisamdhi (rebirth). The expression rũvasamdhi (material juncture, or the meeting point of matter and spirit) in the following passage clinches the issue: "'Those who are not addicted to sinful activities might be liable to calamities, but the steadfast will bear them. As in the past so in the future, the body is (always) subject to change and destruction, unstable, transient, non-eternal, fattening and defattening, and of a changeable nature; erceive this material juncture (rūvasamdhi). For him who looks at things rightly, is devoted to one purpose, is disentangled and detached, there is no passage (from birth to birth)"59. One who has searched out the (proper) moment Ikhana) of the body has identified the juncture (samdhi)60. The phrases macciehim samdhim (juncture with the mortal onesol, logassa samdhim (juncture of the world)62, and samdhi jhosito (the juncture destroyed)63 confirm our conjecture about the connotation of the expression 'sa madhi' The expressions 'samgal and samjoga' are also used in similar sense. Thus we have lavattasoe samgamabhijanati (he knows the connection in the current of the whirl)64. Tete soyā viyakkhātā jehim samgam ti pāsahā (these have been declared to be the currents, look at the connection
58. ibid. 1, 3.1.15 & 3, 2.36 59. ibid. I, 5. 2. 28-30:
je asattā pāvehim kammehim, udahu te āyamkā phusamti iti udahu vire te phase puţtho hiyāsae se puvvam peyam pacchă peyam bheura-dhammam, viddhamsaņa-dhammam, adhuvam, anitiyam, asāsayam, cayāvacaiyam, viparināma-dhammam, pāsaha eyam ruvam, Samdhim samuppehamanassa egāyatana-rayassa iha vippamukkassa, natthi
magge virayassa tti bemi. 60. ibid. 1,5. 2. 20-21.
ayam samdhi ti adakkhu
je imassa viggahassa ayam khaneti mannesi. 61. ibid. 1. 2.5, 127. 62. ibid. I. 3.3.51 63. ibid. I. 5.3. 41 & 1. 5.5.98. 64. ibid. I. 3.1.6.
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