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18
Nyāyāvatāra: 24
whether the man in the street is full of passions and not ominiscient.
Some unnecessarily lay down three other kinds of fallacy of the homogeneous example (sadharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsa), viz.:—
1) Unconnected (ananvaya), such as: This person is full of passions (major term), because he is a speaker (middle term), like a certain man in Magadha (example). Here, though a certain man in Magadha is both a speaker and full of passions, yet there is no inseparable connection between "being a speaker" and "being full of passions".
2) Of connection unshown (apradarsitānvaya), such as:
Sound is non-eternal (major term), because it is adventitious (middle term), as a jar (example)..
Here, though there is an inseparable connection between "adventitious" and "non-eternal", yet it has not been shown in the proper form, as-
"Whatever is adventitious, is non-eternal, as a
jar".
[Dignaga, the Buddhist, urged the necessity of converting the example into a universal proposition, with a view to show the connection between the middle term and major term in the proper form].
3) Of contrary connection (viparītānvaya), such
as:
Sound is non-eternal (major term), because it is adventitious (middle term).
Here, if the inseparable connection (vyāpti) is shown, thus
"Whatever is non-eternal, is adventitious as a jar", instead of thus
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