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60
KARTTIKEYANUPREKŞA
I offer prayers to Vāsupujya, Malli, Nemi, Parsva and Mahāvīra who are the prominent lords of three worlds and who practised penance as Kumāras, i. e., before coronation ( 491 ).
d) A COMPARATIVE STUDY
As noted above, the Bārasa-Anuvekkhā (B) of Kundakunda, though small in size, is an independent treatise on Anuprekṣās in Prākrit; and the Mülācāra (M), VIII, of Vattakera, Bhagavati Ārādhanā (Bha) of Sivārya, gāthās 1715–1875 and Maranasamāhi (Mar), gāthās 569-638, contain substantial exposition of Anupreksās. Further, the Tattvārtha-sūtra (IX. 7) and some of its commentaries have served as the pattern for the format of discussion of these topics. The Kattigeyāņuppekkhā (K) is possibly the longest Prākrit text dealing solely with twelve-fold Reflection. Naturally it deserves to be compared and contrasted with kindred works noted above, with regard to its various aspects.
Some of the gāthās in these works have close agreement, either in thought or expression :
Bha 1752 B 23
B 43
K 6-8, 21 K 26-28 K 30-31 K 56 K 63 K 64-5 K 66 K 68
B 4-5; Bha 1717-19, 1725 B 8-9; M 7; Bha 1743 B 11, 13; Bha 1746 Bha 1801 M 27; Bha 1802 M 26; Bha 1799–1800 B 24-29; Bha 1773 f. Bha 1775; Mar 594
K 78 K 82 K 83 Ķ 89 K 101 K 104 K 305-6 K 393
B 47; Bha 1825 Bha 1829 (?) B 67 B 69 B 70
It is true that there would be much common thought and expression when authors brought up in the same tradition are dealing with similar subjects. But the above parallels are something more than that. One certainly gets the impression that the Kattigeyānuppekkhā is indebted to the Bārasa-Anuvekkhā for some of its ideas and expressions.
Like B, K is addressed to both monks and householders, with greater concern for the latter; while Bha, M and Mar have primarily the ascetic community in view. 1) K lays more stress on the fickle character of Lakşmi who spreads very great infatuation for lajmen, and other points are incidentally touched. 2) Bha stresses that there is no escape from Karmic consequences, while B, M and Mar, along with K, have Death in view from which there is no escape. According to M and Mar, Jina-dharma is the
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