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must be a thing known and a knower. A lump of sugar has no knowledge. Vibrations of matter are not knowledge. Consciousness is not the vibrations of matter. Consciousness is not necessarily caused by nor does it necessarily imply vibrations of matter. It is neither the effect nor the cause of vibrations of matter. It is something independent of dead matter.
Knowledge is the essence of a man. It is the real man; immortal, existing before vibrations of matter, and after them, as well as during them.
New knowledge causes a change in the man's life. Anything learned or experienced is not new knowledge unless it produces a change in the man's moral life.
Cause and effect. Causes are of two kinds : (1) the substantial cause, and (2) the instrumental, determining, occasional cause. In every effect there
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