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Syādvāda Theory of Jainism in Terms of a Deviant Logic 343
conjunction and for non-simultaneous conjunction in the truth-table No. 2 and noting that P takes the truth-value T by the first predication and P takes the truth-value I by the second predication. We see that (Po 1P) takes the truth-value T (third predication) and (PAP) takes the truth-value I (fourth predication). The seventh predication thus takes the truth-value I according to the same truth-table.
Hence, we see that the pramāņa saptabhangi of the Jainas is a table of seven statements which are derived from a true statement by the operations of negation, non-simultaneous and simultaneous conjunctions that are denoted by l, , A respectively.
Let us consider P as a true statement then the pramāņa-saptabhangi can be represented as follows:
(1) P(assertion of P) (2) Not P ('complete negation of P) denoted by P. (3) P and non-simultaneously not P (non-simultaneous
conjunction of P and P) denoted by P P. (4) P and simultaneously not P (simultaneous conjunction of P
and |P) denoted by (P^ 1P). P and simultaneously (P and simultaneously not P) denoted by PA (PAP). Not P and simultaneously (P and simultaneously not P) denoted by PA (PAP). (P and non-simultaneously not P) and simultaneously (P and simultaneously not P) denoted by (Po P) ^ (PAP). Pictorially we can depict the pramāņa-saptabhangi as follows with the truth-values to the right:
-P -TP --° 1P
-PAIP OBJECT
-PA (PAP)
-]P^(PAP) ----(Po 1P) ^ (PAP)
EEEE EE
X
An object X can be viewed from any one of these seven standpoints. However, since the totality of all these seven possibilities comprises the pramāņa-saptabhangi (Complete judgement of the phenomenal world in terms of seven possibilities), the disjunction,
