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Microcosmology: Atom
occur every moment in a physical object, the object may have a determinate state of existence-say, as a pen-for a certain duration of time. This state of being a pen is a vyañjana paryāya of pudgala
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The explicit mode is gross, lasting for some time and amenable to verbal expression. The implicit mode, on the other hand, is subtle, lasting for only one samaya (the time-point), and inexpressible.
From another point of view, the modes may be said of two
types:
(i) svabhāva paryāya-that is due to self-interaction.
(ii) vibhāva paryaya-that is due to interaction with other substances.
Thus, arthaparyaya is always svabhāva paryaya, while vyanjana- paryaya is both svabhāva and vibhāva.
(3) MOTION (KRIYĀ)
Pariņāma and kriya are, but, two facets of the dynamic nature of pudgala. Kriya differs from pariņāma in a subtle way because it involves motion/movement of some kind or other. Actually, both are manifestations of dynamism, and therefore, gati (i.e. motion) has been included as one of the ten pariņāma as we have seen. However, motion in which kriya is involved is gross as well as subtle, while mutation (paryaya) involves, perhaps, very subtle type of gati. We shall now discuss various kinds of motions which explain pudgala as being incessantly
active.
In the annotation of Tattvärtha Sūtra, (5/6), if has been stated that pudgala and jīva are active (kriyāvān) substances, whereas the other substances are nişkriyah i.e. motionless2.This means that out of the six substances, dharma, adharma and ākāśa are completely devoid of motion of any kind. Jīva is dynamic only in its worldly existence and its dynamism is due to (i) its association with karma pudgala, and (ii) its interaction with other groups
1. Tat. Süt. Bhā, 5/6
2. Tat. Süt., 5/6
