Studies in Jain Literature

SR No.: 001868
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: V M Kulkarni
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre
Publication Year: 2001
Total Pages: 114
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Literature, & Story
File Size: 14 MB

Page 199

HEMACANDRA'S TREATMENT OF THE.... 181 तददोषौ शब्दार्थों सगुणावनलंकृती पुनः क्वपि / Jayadeva, the author of Candraloka, vehemently criticises Mammata for his definition of poetry which omits alamkaras. He bursts out : अङ्गीकरोति यः काव्ये शब्दार्थवनलंकृती / असौ न मन्यते कस्मादनुष्णमनलं कृती / We have the cause of the alamkaras in the poet's imagination (kavipratibha) and their effect is a definite fact, species of charm. Mammata's definition of alamkara in effect accepts this fact : वैचित्र्यं चालङ्कारः / Vaicitrya' or 'vicchitti' is a certain charm which gives an alamkara its being and value. Such charm does not permit of exact description as it is as infinite as the poet's imagination which produces it, but it is this which forms the basis of any alamkara and justifies our asserting that it is an alamkara differentiating it from other arts. Theoretically speaking, there is no limit to the number of alamkaras. What is after all an alamkara ? Anandavardhana says : 344511 fe afida ficari ya arsidor: 1 - Dhvanyaloka. p. 473 तत्र शब्दार्थवैचित्र्यप्रकारोऽनन्तः / -Locana, p. 25 अभिधानप्रकारविशेषा एव चालंकाराः / -Alarkarasarvasva, p. 9 Bhamaha and Dandi hardly made any distinction between gunas and alamkaras. Ruyyaka, the author of Alamkarasarvasva, rightly summarises the view of the exponents of the alamkara tradition in these words : इह हि तावद्भामहोद्भटप्रभृतयश्चिरन्तनालंकारकाराः प्रतीयमानमर्थं वाच्योपस्कारतयालंकारपक्षनिक्षिप्त मन्यन्ते ।....उद्भटादिभिस्तु गुणालंकाराणां प्रायशः साम्यमेव सूचितम् / ..... तदेवमलंकारा एव काव्ये प्रधानमिति प्राच्यानां मतम् / As against this alaskara tradition we have the Rasa or Rasadi-dhvani tradition. According to this tradition rasa (or rasadi) is the very essence, the very soul, of kavya (including natya). Rasa is pradhana, alamkarya and alamkaras adorn, or add to or heighten or enhance the beauty of the pradhana artha-the alamkarya rasa. Just as bracelets, etc., when worn on her person by a kamini (a lovely maiden) enhance her beauty and are called alamkaras even so upama, anuprasa, etc. the arthalamkaras and the sabdalamkaras when they heighten rasa, are called alamkaras. When defining alaskaras in a general way Hemacandra says: अङ्गाश्रिता अलङ्काराः -1.13 Hemacandra here echoes Dhvanyaloka II. 6 :