________________
III
REDACTION OF THE JAINA CANON
In ancient days in India, it was customary to transmit learning from generation to generation orally, and that this state of affairs continues down to the present times at least in the case of the olden type of pāthaśālās! which teach Jainism, Saṁskrt or the like. This will show that it is not the want of knowledge of the art of writing to which this state of affairs can be ascribed. For, according to the Jaina tradition Lord Rsabha who flourished in the 3rd ara (spoke) of the present avasarpini period, taught this art of writing 18 lipis2 to his daughter Brahmi with his right hand.3 The Vaidika Hindus, on the other hand, ascribe it to Brahman, the Creator of the Universe. Leaving aside these prehistoric items of a very remote age, and turning to a period
ars preceding the present century, we can give ample proofs of the fact that India knew the art of writing in the remote past. Various scripts such as Brahmi, Mohenjo Dero4 etc., bear full testimony to this. It however seems true that the art of printing was unknown in ancient days in India.
1. For a brief desciption see my paper on The Jaina System of Education (pp. 218-219)
published in "Journal of the University of Bombay" (vol. VIII, pt. 4). 2. For exposition of these 18 lipis see my paper on Outlines of Paleography (pp. 93-94)
published in J. U. B. (vol. VI, pt. 6). 3. Cf. the following line occurring in the Bhāsa on Āvassaya :
"लेहं लिवीविहाणं जिणेण बंभीइ दाहिणकरेणं" Abhayadeva Sūri's com. (p. 36') on Samavāya (XVIII) and his com. (p. 5) on Viyāhapannatti, Trisasti (1, 2, 963), Amaracandra Sūri's Padmānanda mahākāvya (X,
79) and Subodhikā (p. 1496) may be consulted in this connection. 4. Rev. H. Heras has written an article on "The Eastern Island script and the script on
Mohenjo Dero". See A. B. O. R. I. (vol. XIX, pt. II, pp. 122-126).
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