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68 Jaina Religion: Its Historical Journey of Evolution
varņas. Seven of them were called varnas and the remaining nine were called antarvarņas. Out of the seven varņas the union of man with a woman of the same varņa led to four basic varnas; the union of Brahmin man and Ksatriya woman, Ksatriya man and Vaišya woman and Vaiśya man and Sūdra woman led to the creation of other three varņas. Ācārānga-cūrņi, while classifying this, says that the child born out of the union of a Brahmin man and Kșatriya woman is called the best Ksatriya, pure Ksatriya or sankara Kșatriya; this is the fifth varņa. Similarly, the child born from Ksatriya man and Vaiśya woman is called best Vaiśya, pure Vaisya or sankara-Vaiśya. This is the sixth varņa. And the child born from the union of Vaisya man and Śūdra women is pure Sūdra or sankara-śüdra. This is the seventh varna. Further, on the basis of relationships between similar and dissimilar varņas nine antarvarņas evolved. From the relationship of Brahmin man and Vaisya woman Ambaşta-varņa originated which is the eighth varņa. The union of Kșatriya man and Sūdra woman led to the creation of Ugra-varņa, which is the ninth varna. From the relationship of Brahmin man and Südra woman evolved the tenth varņa called Nişāda. Eleventh varņa evolved out of the union of Kūdra man and Vaisya woman. This is called Ayoga-varna. Then Sūta-varņa evolved from Ksatriya man and
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