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Jaina Religion: Its Historical Journey of Evolution 11
8. The aim of life: Svarga (heaven) or nearness to God
8. Attainment of mokṣa (liberation) as the goal
9. Approval of varṇa and jāti on the basis of birth
10.Importance of gṛhastha (family-life)
11.Emphasis on social life
12. Approval of sovereign power
13. Worship of the powerful, importance of karma-kāṇḍa
14. Evolution of the class of Brahmins(purohitas)
9. Opposition to caste system and belief in varna only on the basis of profession
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10. Importance of renunciation (saṁnyāsa)
11. Emphasis on individualistic life
12. Approval of democracy
13. Worship of good conduct importance of meditation and tapas
14. Evolution of the institution or cult of Śramaṇa
15. Worship-oriented
15. Meditation-oriented
Initially in the pravartaka-dharma life-related values occupied prominence. In the Vedas also satisfaction of life-related necessities and prayers related to them were prominently expressed such as, "we live for a hundred years, our children are healthy, our cows give more milk, and we grow more vegetables" etc. On the contrary, nirvartaka
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