Kavyanushasana Critical Study

SR No.: 001713
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: A N Upadhye
Publisher: A N Upadhye
Publication Year: 1987
Total Pages: 558
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Literature, & Kavya
File Size: 10 MB

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Hemachandra quotes Anandavardhana's famous dictum on Aucitya here: "Anaucityādṛte nanyad etc." (Dhv. Al. III) to drive home the point that appropriateness of characterisation, speech, dress, time, physical conditions should be observed. The fact that Hemachandra concludes his discussion of the Rasadosas by quoting this memorable Kārikā (a sangraha śloka), clearly shows that Hemachandra abides by the teachings of the master, i.e. Anandavardhana in whose opinion, Aucitya or propriety is the most fundamental principle governing the delineation of Rasa in poetry. Now, the corollary of this is that when Rasabhanga (i.e., the Kavyartha) or hindrance to the progress of Rasa takes place, the principle of propriety is compromised. In other words, Doṣas which mar the sentiment of a poem spring from lack of Aucitya or Anaucitya. Thus Anaucitya, as Anandavardhana and Mahimab hatta (and even Kuntaka) state, is the greatest Dosa in a poem. Therefore, the deterrents of Rasa are called Rasadoṣas. And this is what Mammata also says. Hemachandra more clearly states that Dosas are those that detract from or mar the Rasa.
Mammata's Kārikā (K.P. VII. 54) contains a Dosa called 'Anabhihitavācyam' i.e. omitting necessary or Dyotaka words. This explains Hemachandra's Avaśyavācyam etc. in Viveka (pp. 202-4) which is based on Vyaktiviveka II. In the Sahityadar paṇa, we have 'Vacyasya anabhidhānam' which is Nyunapadatva in a way according to Hemachandra. The difference is that in Nyūnapada, the deficiency relates to Vacakapadas, whereas in Vacyānabhidhana, it relates to Dyotakapadas like Api etc.; since 'Upasargāṇāṁ vācakatvaṁ nasti kevalaṁ dyotakatvam'.
113 Viveka, p. 211.
114 The dictum is 'Yattadornityasambandhaḥ'. The Viveka comments on this under Tadeti (p. 211).
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