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Non-Violence
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important to discuss here the main atonements (prāyścittas) for all major and minor transgressions committed by monks, as available in the Jaina canonical literature. The texts of the Jaina canon give the following ten prāyaścittasi for all transgressions. These atonements are kept in the ascending order. They begin with the simplest atonement for committing a very mild transgression and proceed to the severer and severer atonments for the graver and graver transgressions. These are as. follows:
(1) Alocana-It is reporting of the transgression to the teacher. Such a confession leads to mental purity of the transgressor, as it also gives him mental courage of confession, which is a great virtue by itself.
(2) Pratikramaņa-condemnation of the transgression committed.
(3) Tadubhaya-confession together with condemnation.
(4) Viveka--giving up of transgressions like impure food etc.
(5) Vyutsarga-practising kāyotsarga (temporary renunciation of body).
(6) Tapas--penance in the form of fasting or taking a particular kind of food.
(7) Cheda-shortening the period of ordination or seniority in the Samgha.
(8) Müla-mahāvratāropana-reconsecration. When on account of violation of the earlier accepted mahāvratas, they are accepted de-novo--that is called Mula-mahāvratāropana.
(9) Anvasthāpya - temporary expulsion. (10) Pārāñcika-complete expulsion.
In the Tattvārtha Umāsvātia has eliminated the last atonement. He recognises only the first nine. In the Digambara
1, Stoãn. 10.3.355. 2. आलोचनप्रतिक्रमण तदुभयविवेकव्युत्सर्गतपश्छेद पारिहारोपस्थापनानि ।
Tattvä. 9 22.
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