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use. For a Jaina, water is more precious than ghee or butter. To cut forest or to dry the tanks or ponds are considered very serious offence for an house holder. As per rule Jaina house-holders are not permitted to run such type of large scale industries which pollute air and water and lead to the violence of plant-life and animal-kingdom. The industries which produce smoke in large quantity are also prohibited by Jainācāryas. The types of these industries are termed as 'mahārambha'or greatest sin and larger violence. It is considered as one of the causes for hellish life. Thus Jainas take into consideration not only the violence of small creatures but even earth, water, air, etc. also. The fifteen types of industries and bussiness, prohbited for the house-holder are mainly concerned with, ecological disbalance, pollution of environment and violence of living beings. Jainācāryas permitted agriculture for house-holders, but the use of pesticides in the agriculture is not agreeable to them, because it not only kills the insects but pollutes the atomosphere as well as our food items also. To use pesticides in agriculture is against their theory of nonviolence.
Thus we can conclude that Jainas were well aware of the problem of ecological disbalance and they made certain restrictions to avoid the same and to maintain ecological equilibrium, for it is based on their supreme principle of non-violence. References 1. Uttarādhyayana, Edited by Sadhvi Chandanaji, Virayatan Prakashan,
Agara, 1972, 32/29. 2. Ibid., 32/8.
Ibid., 9/48. Ācārārga, (Argasuttāni) Editor - Muni Nathmal, Jaina Viśva Bhārati, Ladnun, V.S. 2031, 1/8/4. Sūtrakrtānga, (Part I-II) Editor - Madhukar Muni, Agam Prakashan
Samiti, Beawar 1982, 1/6/23. 6. Uttarādhyayana, 6/6. 7. Acārānga, 1/3/4. 8. Sūtrakstānga, 1/1/1/1. 9. Uttaradhyayana, 9/34.
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