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JAINISM AND DEMOCRACY
with milk and affect the soul by their chemical action. *The question how a material thing can have its chemical action on an immaterial thing is replied by the Jainas on the basis that the soul under bondage is not quite immatarial. It is a blend of mind and matter. The pure soul, as it is in the state of salvation, is never so affected. The question about the first relation between soul and karman is ruled out by holding the relation as without beginning and not admitting a first movement. This is a common problem of all systems and is replied in the same way.
This bondage is classified in the following four types related with the nature, quantity, enduring period and intensity in fruit :(a) Prakrtibandha : Regulating the varieties of
karman accummulated on a certain activity. (b) Pradeshabandha : Regulating the quantity of
particles of each variety. (c) Sthitibandha : Fixing the enduring period of a
particular particle. (d) Anubhāga bandha : Regulating the intensity of
fruit of a particular particle.
Yoga (the activity of mind, speech and body) and kaşāya (passions) are the means affecting this bondage. The first two bandhas are regulated by yoga and the latter two by kaşāya. The number and nature of the particles to be accummulated are fixed according to the disturbance caused by the yoga, and the enduring period as well as the intensity in fruit is fixed according to the
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