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JAINISM AND DEMOCRACY
said that this literature forms a part of the extinct Pūrva literature. We have six Karma granthas, Kammpayadi and Pañcasangraha in this class. The Karmakānda of Gormmatasāra, though a later work, is important from the subject point of view. Labdhisāra and Ksapanāsära. also treat of the same subject.
4. The fifth century is marked by a new develop. ment in the history of Jainism. The religion which developed so far in an independent and scheduled manner came into clash with rival systems. Mystic appeal gave way and the support of logic became inevitable. The era is marked by the pioneer work of Siddhasena and Samantabhadra. They gave a logical interpretation to the Jain theory of non-absolutism.
Siddhasena is credited with three works :--
(a) Sanmati-tarka-It is a remarkable contribution showing depth, originality and logical approach. In reality Non-absolutism is a logical interpretation of the Jain principle of Non-violence, and Sanmati-tarka represents it fully. It has a voluminous commentary by Abhayadeva, beautifully edited by the great Pandits Sukh Lal and Becharadasa. A critical English edition of the text, with elaborate introduction has appeared from the Jain Svetāmbara Education Board, Bombay.
(b) Siddhasena's second work is Nyāyāvatāra. It is a small treatise on Jain logic. It has been edited with English translation by Dr. P. L. Vaidya.
(c) His third contribution is thirty-two Dvātrimsikas (works having thirty-two verses each). Out of
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