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JAINISM AND DEMOCRACY
These councils are known as Vachanans. The first Vachana was held at Patna 170 years after the death of Mahāvira. The second at Mathurā after 609 years. The third at Valabhi in Gujarat after 992 years. These Vachanas also show how the centre of Jainism shifted from Magadha to Western U.P. and from U.P. to Gujarat. Even now Gujarat and Rajasthan are the biggest centres of Jainism. These are the provinces where Jainism has greatly influencd the life of masses and contributed a lot in shaping their regional culture.
The third council convened by Devardhi Ganin brought the Angas into final form. Though all the works, as given by Devardhi Ganin in his list in the NandiSūtra, are not extant, he includes all the works as Āgamas. No work, composed after that, was recognized as canon. Devardhi Gaộin also provides a classification of the canon. But, it is not in conformity with the prevalent tradition. Instead of going into a critical examination of the lists I would present only the prevalent classification. At preSent, generally, 45 works are regarded as the canon. They are classified as follows: 11 Angas, 12 Upāngās, 6 Chheda Sūtras, 4 Müla Sūtras, 2 supplementaries and 10 miscelleneous works. .: Division According to the Subject matter.
As Buddhism has divided its canon into three Pițakas of Sutta, Vinaya and Abhidhamma, Jainism divides its canon into the following four classes :
1. Dravyānuyoga----Metaphysics. 2. Gaạitānuyoga---Mathematics. 3. Carapa-karaṇānuyoga--Ethics
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