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FIVE TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
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is more son than a professor or father. To a student he is a professor more than anything else. To his. servant he is a master. To a disinterested person all the factors stand on the same level. But he also takes into consideration mainly those factors as have a universal value; and here lies the difference between original and the derivative attributes. Those with universal valuation are regarded as original while those with a limited sphere of valuation are regarded as derivative.
Jainism takes four factors into account for existence. Dravya (person), Kṣetra (space), Kāla (time) and Bhāva (state) when an individual exists in relation to the above factors belonging to his own personality, he is thought real. In respect of the relation other than his own, he is non-existent.
We can compare these categories with those of Kant with certain reservation.
Theory of Presentation
According to Jainism the object is presented to the subject direct without any via media. According to Sankhya the object itself is never perceived. It is reflected into the mode of Buddhi and that reflection only becomes the object of perception. The existence of the object itself is inferred through that reflection. But, Jainism does not believe in the theory of reflection. Of course, Kunda has compared the soul with a mirror and shown a liking for this theory. He also proposes that in reality an omniscient sees himself only and as all the objects are reflected into the self, he comes to know the objects also. His view can be compared with Vijñāna
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