________________
( 5 ) When the first chapter of the history of mankind opens in the beginning of the fourth millenium B. C., we witness
three most ancient centres of great civilizaGeographical
cal tions; the Bhārata', the Sumer : the Egypt. Unity.
This region lies on a belt between the twentififth and thirty-fifth parallel. This whole region is characterised by a certain geographical unity. Punjab, Sumer and Egypt lie in the valleys of great permanent rivers which water large tracts of land. The region enjoyed regular rainfalls in that age. The hot and dry deserts of today in this region were the parklands and granaries that flourished in their full bloom in these ancient times.
The people inhabiting this vast region, as shown later, belonged basically to the proto-Australoid stock and were
black-skinned. The land and sea-routes Ethnie Unity
" facilitated their frequent intermixtures, Mediterranean stock was only a local variety of the basic proto-Australoid racial stock.
This remarkable similarity of man and his environment extended further in other spheres of his activities ; economic. social, political and ideological.
References 1. I name Indus culture as Bhārata culture. Indas culture, sites have been located in Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarapradesh ; Madhyapradesh and Karnataka States. Recent excavations have brought to light Indus influences in Bengal. Its contacts with farthest south have been estab. lished. It extended upto Afghanistan and Baluchistan in the West. The main Indus cultbre sites of Mohenjodaro. Harappa, Chanhu-daro and Kalibangan are only the representative sites of this basic Bhartiya culture.
3. Second Chapter-Anthropologial Tests.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
