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2. THE AGE OF TRIBALISM: 1000 B.C. TO 300 B.C.
The Greekāryans, when they reached the frontiers of Mainland Greece south of fhe Danube Circa 1500 B. C., śramanic-Aryan brought with them their patriarchal tribal
Coalescence system formed of genos, phratry and tribe. The Europāryans reached Italy also Circa 1500 B. C. with similar institutions, which later came to be known as gens, curia and tribe. They developed on the Greek pattern with minor local variations.' The Brahmāryans in Bhārata had inherited the tribal institutions of Gaņa, Vrāta and Brahma from their Aryan forefathers. These Aryans had borrowed the Sramaņic system of family, private property and republics to their patriarchal tribal system.
The Greek society adapted itself to changed circumstances. The dictatorial authority of Basileus could not be
Rise of maintained for long and his centralised Monarchy power had to be divided amongst the power. ful chieftains which gave rise to the Greek systems of aristocracy, tyranny and oligarchic republicanism ; miscalled democracy. The tribal economy persisted till 600 B. C. in one form or the other but independent powerful families were rising with their own private properties. The individualistic methods in agriculture and industry were gaining grounds. Women became consigned to the four walls of the homes. The system could not check mutual strifes and internecine quarrels, Chaos and anarchy became the order of the day. The Greek tradition was rooted in the pattern of tribal society guided by the tribal chief or chiefs. It looked towards a powerful person owning large estates, big industries and controlling a large number of human beings. The Greek tribal system developed into the
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