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( :141)
with the intermediate unit of the phratry, was a framework derived from Āryan forefathers, shared : at i least by other Āryan races. We find the same institutions famong the Romans and the Germans. The Chief of the tribe was known as Basileus. He was atonce chief priest, the chief Judge and the supreme war-Lord of the tribe. He exercised a general control over religious ceremonies. These Greekāryan institutions may well be identified with the institutions of Gana and Gaņapati ; the Tribe and the Tribal.Chief.
The Literary evidence definitely proves the institution of Gana : amongst the Aryans in the later part of the second millennium B. C. The archaeological evidence, discussed earlier, corroborates this literary evidence and proves the prevalence of the Gaņa institution amongst the Aryan in the second millennium B. C. and the later part of the third millennium B. C. Morgan maintains that Gana was the most ancient Āryan Society. When the undivided Aryans began to separate, 'they had the Gama' form of Society. Gana, headed by Ganapati, was the basic society of the undivided Aryans.
References 1. Lewis H. Morgan ; Ancient Society ; 1958; Pages 7, 62, 428. 2. Siddheswat Varma ; The Etymologies of Yaşka ; 1963 ; Page 69.
3. Monier-Williams; Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1956; Page 341. -. 4. (1) Rgveda 5. 4. 9. 11
(2) Rgveda-Sanhitā (V.S.M.);- Voll'II Page 898
गणंगणं तं तं सप्तसप्तमुदायात्मकं गणंगणं च । 5. Monier-Williams ; Op. Cit. ; Page 1167 6. (1) Rgveda 8. 6. 4. 31
अध यच्चारथे गणे शतमुष्टी चिक्रदत् । अध श्विलेषु विशति शता॥ (2) Rgveda-Samhita (V. S.M.); Ops Cit. ; Vol. III Page 768
Sayaņa translates «svitneșu' as: goyuth eșu' which may also
be translated as "goganeşu'. 7. Rgveda 9.2.8: 3
आदो' ह सो यथा' गणं विश्वस्यावीवशन्मतिम् । प्रत्यो नागोभिरष्यते ॥
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