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administration was carried on with the active consent of the people. The administrators were self-less people of spiritual bent who actually practised self-control and renunciation.
All these economic, social and political institutions had sprung from the living faith in the tenets of spiritualism. Spiritualism may be defined as the feeling of identity in freedom of the self with the other living beings and objects, People believed in the existence of Spirit, its supremacy over Matter, Effortivism and Final Attainment.
Bhārata was the epi-centre of this vast Śramaņic Society. Paņis of the Ahi Race imbued with a driving force were the main founders in the regions of Greece, the Ægean, Egypt and West Asia. They carried the śramanic civilization to American continents also. They took the flag and tents of Rşabha to the then known world.
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