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TRANSGRESSIONS AND PUNISHMENTS
In the following pages are grouped some representative transgressions covering the various fields of monastic life and the punishments prescribed for these.
These are based chiefly on the following texts:
Digambara
(1) Mūlācāra (Mūl.)
(2) Anagaradharmāmṛita (Angd.)
Svetämbara
(1 Vyavahāra (Vav.) (2) Nisitha (Nis.)
(3) Kalpa (Kalp.)
(4) Bṛhatkalpa-bhāṣya (Bṛh. kalp. bhā.)
(5) Jitakalpa (Jit.)
One remarkable feature is that the texts and some of the bhāṣyas are at variance in the nature of the punishment prescribed for the same fault. For instance, faults listed under dhai-pinda, mālāpahaḍa etc. (under food) have to be met with 'caummāsiya parihāraṭṭhāna ugghāiya' according to the Nisihasutta; whereas for the same faults, the Bṛhatkalpabhāṣya prescribes 'masalaghu'. Does it mean that by the time of the bhāṣyas, the nature of punishment was made less harsh?
This list is by no means exhaustive, nor it is attempted to be so, in view of the size of this monograph.
Alocanā, pratikramaņa and kayotsarga were part and parcel of the daily routine of a monk's life. Besides the routine practice of these, these were to be performed on the following occasions.
Alocană
(1) practising penance without the permission of the ācārya,
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