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Reals in the Jaina Metaphysics THE SOUL OF NINE KINDS NINE CATEGORIES, JIVA OR CONSCIOUS SOUL
The Jiva or the soul involves the nine Tattva's (categories) viz:- Jiva, Ajiva, Asrava, Bandha, Samvara, Nirjarā, Mokşa, Pünya and Pāpa. In consideration of these nine Tattva's or categories, the Jaina thinkers talk of the nine subdivisions of the soul.
That which is characterised by its attributes of consciousness, is the 'Jiva', or Soul.
AJIVA OR UNCONSCIOUS REALS
What is other than the Jiva is the 'Ajiva' or Non-soul. It has five modes viz:-Pudgala', 'Kāla”, Akāśa', 'Dharma and 'Adharma'. 'Varņa (Colour), "Gandha' (Smell), 'Rasa' (Taste) and Sparśa' (Touch) are the four Guņas or attributes of Pudgala and 'Sabda (Sound), 'Samsthāna' (form), *Sūkşma' (Minute), “Sthūla' (Gross), ‘Bandha' (Unity), ‘Tamas' (Darkness), 'Chhāyā' (Shade), 'Atapa' (Heat), 'Udyota' (Revelation without being hot) and 'Bheda' (Separateness) are the various modes or states of Pudgala. Kāla or Time itself is inactive; but it is on account of it that things are variously modified i.e. (1) do acts of moving from place to place, (2) move from one state to another, (3) and (4) are considered great or small etc. in relation to one another. The mutation of things is due to time. What reveals all things, is self-revealed and gives space to all substances e.g. soul etc. is 'Akāśa' or Space. 'Dharma' is what helps the motion of soul or matter, just as water does that of a moving fish. ‘Adharma' on the contrary, helps a stopping soul or matter in its stoppage just as ground does a stopping cow.
ĀSRAVA
*Asrava' means a 'door way' or a channel'. The passage through which water finds its way into a tank is called 'Asrava’; in the same way, the principle through which 'Pudgala' flows into the Jiva has been called 'Asrava' in Jaina philosophy. Jiva and Pudgala are mixed up from the
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