Jaina Philosophy and Religion

SR No.: 001604
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Nyayavijay
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology
Publication Year: 1998
Total Pages: 500
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, & Epistemology
File Size: 12 MB

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Jaina Philosophy and Religion
Only three types of bhāvas, viz., kṣāyika, audayika and pāriņāmika are available in the omniscient being in an embodied state. They are as follows: all the nine kṣayika-bhāvas, viz., kevalajñāna, etc., two audayikabhāvas, viz., manuṣyagati and śuklaleśyā (white spiritual colouration), and one pārināmika-bhāva, viz., jīvatva.
Only three types of bhāvas, viz., kṣāyopaśamika, audayika and pāriņāmika are found in all the non-omniscient beings. It is because all the nonomniscient beings without exception do possess kṣāyopaśamika and audayika bhavas. Kṣayopaśamika-bhāvas, viz., matijñāna or matiajñāna, śrutajñāna or śrutaajñāna and audayika-bhāvas, viz., this or that gati (birth-species) and this or that lesya (except white), etc., are there in all the non-omniscient beings. Just as these three types of bhāvas are there in all the mithyātvi beings (i.e., beings afflicted with perverse attitude or inclination) of all the four gatis (birth-species) even so they are there in all the beings of all the four gatis who possess kṣayopaśamika samyaktva (right attitude or inclination). Again, even those animal beings' and those human beings who possess both the kṣayopaśamika samyaktva and the kṣayopaśamika caritra have these three types of bhavas.
Some non-omniscient beings may possess one or two more types of bhāvas in addition to the above-mentioned three types of bhāvas. As for example, the non-omniscient beings possessed of aupaśamika samyaktva with or without aupaśamika-cāritra do have aupaśamika-bhāva in addition to the above three bhāvas, i.e., they have four bhāvas viz., aupaśamikabhāva, kṣāyopaśamika-bhāva, audayika-bhāva and pārināmika-bhāva. And the non-omniscient beings, who are not ascending the ladder of subsidence (upaśamasreni) and who possess kṣāyika samyaktua with or without kṣāyika caritra do possess kṣāyika-bhāva in addition to the trio of kṣayopaśamikabhāva, audayika-bhāva and pāriņāmika-bhāva. Again, aupaśamika samyaktva without aupaśamika caritra is possible in all the four gatis (birth-speciesviz., heavenly, human, animal and hellish), but the same with aupaśamika caritra is possible in human beings alone. So beings of both the groups suggested here have the following four bhāvas alone, viz., aupaśamikabhāva, kṣāyopaśamika-bhāva, audayika-bhāva and pāriņāmika-bhāva. Kṣāyika
1. The five-sensed animal beings having mind can rise up to the fifth stage of spiritual evolution called deśavirati-gunasthana (the spiritual stage characterised by partial abstinence from violence, etc.). Gods and hellish beings can rise up to the fourth stage of spiritual evolution.