Jaina Philosophy and Religion

SR No.: 001604
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Nyayavijay
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology
Publication Year: 1998
Total Pages: 500
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, & Epistemology
File Size: 12 MB

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Jaina Philosophy and Religion
(1) Matijñāna, (2) śrutajñāna, (3) avadhijñāna, (4) manaḥparyāyajñāna, (5) matiajñāna, (6) śrutaajñāna, (7) vibhangajñāna, (8) cakṣurdarśana, (9) acakṣurdarśana, (10) avadhidarśana, (11) samyaktva, (12) deśavirati (partial abstinence from violence, etc.), (13) sarvavirati (total abstinence from violence, etc.), (14) donation, (15) gain, (16) non-recurrent enjoyment, (17) recurrent enjoyment and (18) will-power (endeavour or energy)these eighteen are kṣayopaśamika-bhāvas.
Audayika-bhava: That state which is due to the udaya (effective manifestation or rise) of the karmas is called audayika-bhāva. All the states or modes which all the worldly beings experience or attain on account of the effective manifestation or rise of karmas are characterised by audayikabhāva. Yet taking into account only the main modes, twenty-one divisions of audayika-bhava are enumerated. They are as follows: ajñāna (false knowledge or dullness of intellect), asiddhatva (embodied state), asamyama (lack of self-control), six types of lesya (spiritual colouration-black, blue, grey, yellow, lotus-pink and white), four kaṣāyas (passions, viz., anger, pride, deceitfulness and greed), four gatis (birth-species, viz., heavenly, human, animal and hellish), three vedas (feminine, masculine and neuter sexfeelings) and mithyātva (wrong attitude).
Now let us note as to which of these 21 enumerated states is due to the active manifestation of which karma. Ajñāna (wrong knowledge or dullness of intellect) results from the active manifestation of jñānāvaraṇīyakarma. Asiddhatva (embodied state) results from the active manifestation of all the eight types of karmas. Asamyama (lack of self-control or nonabstinence from violence, etc.) results from the active manifestation of apratyakhyānāvaraṇa-karma. Lesya is nothing but mental transformation or activity. And mental activities depend on the mental capacity (manaḥparyapti) which is a type of nama-karma. Thus ultimately lesya is connected with nama-karma. So six types of lesya result from the active manifestation of the concerned type of nama-karma. The four kaṣāyas or passions result from the active manifestation of the caritramohaniya-karma. The four types of gati or birth-species, viz., hellish, animal-type, human and heavenly result from the active manifestation of the gatinama-karma. The feminine, masculine and neuter sex-feelings result from the active manifestation of vedamohaniya-karma. And mithyatua (wrong attitude or inclination) results from the active manifestation of mithyatvamohaniya
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karma.
In addition to these twenty-one modes listed here, five types of sleep