Jaina Philosophy and Religion

SR No.: 001604
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Nyayavijay
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology
Publication Year: 1998
Total Pages: 500
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, & Epistemology
File Size: 12 MB

Page 165

Jaina Path of Purification (Liberation)
137
a meaning to a word, from a word to a meaning, or from one yogal to another, then the dhyāna concerned is called prthaktvavitarkasavicāra. Let us explain this Sanskrit term. 'Pythaktva' means difference. 'Vitarka' means conceptual thinking. So, the term 'pythaktvavitarka' means conceptual thinking dominated by difference. And as there is in it transition (vicāra) from one type of yoga to another, from the word to the meaning, from the meaning to the word, or from one mode to another, it is called
savicara'. Though there is movement of mind in this dhyāna, yet it is of the nature of concentration, because the movement is confined to one substance only, that is, its object is one substance only.
(2) Ekatvavitarkanirvicāra (Constant conceptual thinking applied to one aspect only of a substance): On the contrary, when a performer of dhyāna takes up for concentration some one mode or aspect only and undertakes in relation to it a reflection dominated by oneness or non-difference, again when sticking to some one of the three types of yoga, —viz. those pertaining to mind, speech and body-he introduces no change in the form of transition from word to meaning or vice versa, or from one type of yoga to another, then the dhyāna concerned is called ekatvavitarkanirvicāra. For in this dhyāna there is mainly a reflection of oneness (ekatva) and there is introduced in it no change (vicāra) as to mode, meaning, word or yoga. As for these two types of sukla-dhyāna, when one's practice of the first that is dominated by difference has become firm, only then is one enabled to perform the second that is dominated by oneness or non-difference. Thus just as the poison of a snake, etc., circulating throughout the entire body is, by means of a magical chant or the like, concentrated on the spot stung, similarly, one's mind unsteadily wandering about amidst the multifarious objects of the world is, by means of dhyāna, made steady by being concentrated on some one object (the minutest mode). When the steadiness of mind thus becomes firm, then just as a burning mass of fire becomes extinct in case all fuel whatsoever is withdrawn away from it, so also does the mind which in the above manner has been made steady by being concentrated on some one object (the minutest mode) ultimately become absolutely calm.? That is 1. Yoga here means activity. There are three yogas-manoyoga (mental activity), vacanayoga
(vocal activity) and käyayoga (bodily activity). 2. trijagadvisayam dhyānäd anusamstham dhārayet kramena manah /
viņam iva sarvängagatam mantrabalan mantriko damse // apasăritendhanabharah sesastokendhano'nalo jvalitah / tasmäd apanito vā nirvāti yathā manas tadvat //Yogaśāstra, XI. 19-20