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WHY JAINISM AND BUDDHISM ARE THE SAME ? 295
“ Here the beings existing in different conditions of existence take birth and die., under the influence of karmic nets."
Note. The Jain scriptures speak of four conditions of existence namely: hell, sub-human, human and celestial. Preta or Ghost, etc. counted as fifth fate in Buddhism is included in the celestials. The Ghosts etc. have abode in the under-neath part of the universe, while the heavenly celestials live in the upper part. So there is no real difference if the Pretas are counted as separate.
Müláchâra says :लोओ अकिहिमो खलु अणाइणिहणो सहाव णिप्पण्णो।
जीवाजीवहिं भुडो णिचो तालरुख्खे संताणो ॥ १२२-८॥ Loo akittimo khalu anâi nihậno saháva nippanno, Jiväjivehim bhudo nichcho tála rukke santhâno 122/8 . “This universe is verily uncreated, without beginning or end, existing by nature, eternal, having figure like a palm tree and is full of souls and non-souls.”
तत्थानु हवंति जीवा सकम्मणिव्वत्तियं सुहं दुक्खम् ।
जम्मणमरण पुणब्भव मंणते भवसायर भीमे ॥ २५-८॥ Tatthanu havanti jivå sakamına nivvattiyam saham
dukkham Jammana marana punabbhava mananta bhavasấyare
bhime 25/8.
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